Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3052
Title: Targeting RNA Exonuclease XRN1 Potentiates Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ran, XB
Ding, LW 
Sun, QY 
Yang, H 
Said, JW
Zhentang, L 
Madan, V 
Dakle, P 
Xiao, JF
Loh, X 
Li, Y 
Xu, L 
Xiang, XQ
Wang, LZ
Goh, BC 
Lin, DC
Chng, WJ 
Tan, SY 
Jha, S 
Koeffler, HP 
Keywords: Animals
Mice
Exonucleases
Exoribonucleases
Immunotherapy
Neoplasms
RNA
RNA Stability
Signal Transduction
Issue Date: 15-Mar-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Citation: Ran, XB, Ding, LW, Sun, QY, Yang, H, Said, JW, Zhentang, L, Madan, V, Dakle, P, Xiao, JF, Loh, X, Li, Y, Xu, L, Xiang, XQ, Wang, LZ, Goh, BC, Lin, DC, Chng, WJ, Tan, SY, Jha, S, Koeffler, HP (2023-03-15). Targeting RNA Exonuclease XRN1 Potentiates Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer research 83 (6) : 922-938. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3052
Abstract: Despite the remarkable clinical responses achieved with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, the response rate is relatively low and only a subset of patients can benefit from the treatment. Aberrant RNA accumulation can mediate IFN signaling and stimulate an immune response, suggesting that targeting RNA decay machinery might sensitize tumor cells to immunotherapy. With this in mind, we identified an RNA exoribonuclease, XRN1, as a potential therapeutic target to suppress RNA decay and stimulate antitumor immunity. Silencing of XRN1 suppressed tumor growth in syngeneic immunocompetent mice and potentiated immunotherapy efficacy, while silencing of XRN1 alone did not affect tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, XRN1 depletion activated IFN signaling and the viral defense pathway; both pathways play determinant roles in regulating immune evasion. Aberrant RNA-sensing signaling proteins (RIG-I/MAVS) mediated the expression of IFN genes, as depletion of each of them blunted the elevation of antiviral/IFN signaling in XRN1-silenced cells. Analysis of pan-cancer CRISPR-screening data indicated that IFN signaling triggered by XRN1 silencing is a common phenomenon, suggesting that the effect of XRN1 silencing may be extended to multiple types of cancers. Overall, XRN1 depletion triggers aberrant RNA-mediated IFN signaling, highlighting the importance of the aberrant RNA-sensing pathway in regulating immune responses. These findings provide the molecular rationale for developing XRN1 inhibitors and exploring their potential clinical application in combination with cancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting XRN1 activates an intracellular innate immune response mediated by RNA-sensing signaling and potentiates cancer immunotherapy efficacy, suggesting inhibition of RNA decay machinery as a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
Source Title: Cancer research
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/238537
ISSN: 0008-5472
1538-7445
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3052
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