Increased Risk of Extreme Precipitation Over an Urban Agglomeration With Future Global Warming

Abstract

Understanding the response of extreme precipitation (EP) at a city scale to global warming is critical to reducing the respective risk of urban flooding. Yet, current knowledge on this issue is limited. Here, focusing on an urban agglomeration in the tropics, Singapore, we reveal that future global warming enhances both frequency and intensity of EP, based on simulations with a state-of-the-art convection-permitting regional climate model. EP intensification can reach maximum “super” Clausius-Clapeyron rate ((Formula presented.) +7% per K warming) rate, implying a “new normal” of “extreme events get more extreme,” which is consistently for both Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 and 4.5. The intensification is lower for moderate and light precipitation. Also, global warming was found to dampen the urban effect on EP events. The EP enhancement is attributed to the increased atmospheric moisture and convective inhibition due to enhanced low-level stratification that delays a convection to develop until it becomes more intense.