Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i2.219
Title: Plasma exchange in patients with acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure: A systematic review
Authors: Tan, Eunice Xiang-Xuan
Wang, Min-Xian 
Pang, Junxiong 
Lee, Guan-Huei 
Keywords: Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Acute-on-chronic liver failure
Acute liver failure
Plasmapheresis
Plasma exchange
Liver failure
HEPATIC-FAILURE
WILSONS-DISEASE
HEMOLYTIC CRISIS
ALBUMIN DIALYSIS
SUPPORT-SYSTEM
VIRUS
PLASMAPHERESIS
HEMODIALYSIS
MULTICENTER
ENTECAVIR
Issue Date: 14-Jan-2020
Publisher: BAISHIDENG PUBLISHING GROUP INC
Citation: Tan, Eunice Xiang-Xuan, Wang, Min-Xian, Pang, Junxiong, Lee, Guan-Huei (2020-01-14). Plasma exchange in patients with acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure: A systematic review. WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 26 (2) : 219-245. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i2.219
Abstract: BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver (ACLF) carry high short-term mortality rate, and may result from a wide variety of causes. Plasma exchange has been shown in a randomized control trial to improve survival in ALF especially in patients who did not receive a liver transplant. Other cohort studies demonstrated potential improvement in survival in patients with ACLF. AIM To assess utility of plasma exchange in liver failure and its effect on mortality in patients who do not undergo liver transplantation. METHODS Databases MEDLINE via PubMed, and EMBASE were searched and relevant publications up to 30 March, 2019 were assessed. Studies were included if they involved human participants diagnosed with liver failure who underwent plasma exchange, with or without another alternative non-bioartificial liver assist device. RESULTS Three hundred twenty four records were reviewed, of which 62 studies were found to be duplicates. Of the 262 records screened, 211 studies were excluded. Fifty-one articles were assessed for eligibility, for which 7 were excluded. Twenty-nine studies were included for ALF only, and 9 studies for ACLF only. Six studies included both ALF and ACLF patients. A total of 44 publications were included. Of the included publications, 2 were randomized controlled trials, 14 cohort studies, 12 case series, 16 case reports. All of three ALF studies which looked at survival rate or survival days reported improvement in outcome with plasma exchange. In two out of four studies where plasma exchange-based liver support systems were compared to standard medical treatment (SMT) for ACLF, a biochemical improvement was seen. Survival in the non-transplanted patients was improved in all four studies in patients with ACLF comparing plasma exchange vs SMT. Using the aforementioned studies, plasma exchange based therapy in ACLF compared to SMT improved survival in non-transplanted patients at 30 and 90-d with a pooled OR of 0.60 (95%CI 0.46-0.77, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The level of evidence for use of high volume plasma exchange in selected ALF cases is high. Plasma exchange in ACLF improves survival at 30-and 90-d in non-transplanted patients. Further well-designed randomized control trials will need to be carried out to ascertain the optimal duration and amount of plasma exchange required and assess if the use of high volume plasma exchange can be extrapolated to patients with ACLF.
Source Title: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/207556
ISSN: 1007-9327,2219-2840
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i2.219
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