Calibrating Interpretive Incorporation: Constitutional Interpretation and Pregnancy Discrimination Under CEDAW

Abstract

The success of implementing human rights treaties is often dependent on a country's national laws and local conditions. There is an implementation gap in dualist regimes where courts do not implement human rights treaty provisions because they have not been domesticated by a legislative (or other necessary) incorporating act. Interpretive incorporation is a judicial trend that seeks to mitigate this strict separatist view. This article examines the use of interpretive incorporation in Malaysia to incorporate CEDAW's prohibition against pregnancy discrimination through constitutional interpretation. It calibrates the outcomes of interpretive incorporation based on the status judges effectively give to unincorporated human rights treaties. Finally, the article reflects on some of the continuing local constraints on interpretive incorporation. © 2013 by Johns Hopkins University Press.