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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127199
Title: | Impact of noncommunicable disease multimorbidity on healthcare utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditures in middle-income countries: Cross sectional analysis | Authors: | Lee J.T. Hamid F. Pati S. Atun R. Millett C. |
Keywords: | adult age aged Article China cost benefit analysis cost of illness cross-sectional study developing country female Ghana health care cost health care utilization health insurance hospital admission human India major clinical study male Mexico middle aged morbidity multimorbidity non communicable disease outpatient care prevalence Russian Federation South Africa urban rural difference very elderly young adult comorbidity demography developing country diseases economics income outpatient patient attitude Adult Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Demography Developing Countries Disease Female Health Expenditures Humans Income Male Outpatients Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
Issue Date: | 2015 | Citation: | Lee J.T., Hamid F., Pati S., Atun R., Millett C. (2015). Impact of noncommunicable disease multimorbidity on healthcare utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditures in middle-income countries: Cross sectional analysis. PLoS ONE 10 (7) : e0127199. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127199 | Rights: | Attribution 4.0 International | Abstract: | Background: The burden of non-communicable disease (NCDs) has grown rapidly in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs), where populations are ageing, with rising prevalence of multimorbidity (more than two co-existing chronic conditions) that will significantly increase pressure on already stretched health systems. We assess the impact of NCD multimorbidity on healthcare utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditures in six middle-income countries: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Methods: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from adult participants (>18 years) in the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) 2007-2010. We used multiple logistic regression to determine socio-demographic correlates of multimorbidity. Association between the number of NCDs and healthcare utilisation as well as out-of-pocket spending was assessed using logistic, negative binominal and log-linear models. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity in the adult population varied from 3.9% in Ghana to 33.6% in Russia. Number of visits to doctors in primary and secondary care rose substantially for persons with increasing numbers of co-existing NCDs. Multimorbidity was associated with more outpatient visits in China (coefficient for number of NCD = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.46, 0.66), a higher likelihood of being hospitalised in India (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.45, 1.75), higher out-of-pocket expenditures for outpatient visits in India and China, and higher expenditures for hospital visits in Russia. Medicines constituted the largest proportion of out-of-pocket expenditures in persons with multimorbidity (88.3% for outpatient, 55.9% for inpatient visit in China) in most countries. Conclusion: Multimorbidity is associated with higher levels of healthcare utilisation and greater financial burden for individuals in middle-income countries. Our study supports the WHO call for universal health insurance and health service coverage in LMICs, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly with multimorbidity. Copyright: © 2015 Lee et al. | Source Title: | PLoS ONE | URI: | https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/161500 | ISSN: | 19326203 | DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0127199 | Rights: | Attribution 4.0 International |
Appears in Collections: | Staff Publications Elements |
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