Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling
Paskeh, Mahshid Deldar Abad Entezari, Maliheh Mirzaei, Sepideh Zabolian, Amirhossein Saleki, Hossein Naghdi, Mohamad Javad Sabet, Sina Khoshbakht, Mohammad Amin Hashemi, Mehrdad Hushmandi, Kiavash
Paskeh, Mahshid Deldar Abad
Entezari, Maliheh
Mirzaei, Sepideh
Zabolian, Amirhossein
Saleki, Hossein
Naghdi, Mohamad Javad
Sabet, Sina
Khoshbakht, Mohammad Amin
Hashemi, Mehrdad
Hushmandi, Kiavash
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Alternative Title
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size of 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer progression and therapy. We discuss how exosomes are able to modulate components of the tumor microenvironment and influence proliferation and migration rates of cancer cells. We also highlight that, depending on their cargo, exosomes can suppress or promote tumor cell progression and can enhance or reduce cancer cell response to radio- and chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe how exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by focusing on their ability to transfer non-coding RNAs between cells and modulate other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN and PI3K/Akt in cancer. Subsequently, we discuss the use of exosomes as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. We then discuss the role of tumor-derived exosomes in carcinogenesis. Finally, we devote a section to the study of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic tools in clinical courses that is important for the treatment of cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in cancer therapy, focusing on their therapeutic value in cancer progression and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Keywords
Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Oncology, Hematology, Exosome, Cancer, Immunotherapy, Non-coding RNA, Biomarker, Prognosis, CELL-DERIVED EXOSOMES, LONG NONCODING RNAS, EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION, PANCREATIC-CANCER, BREAST-CANCER, GASTRIC-CANCER, STEM-CELLS, COLORECTAL-CANCER, LUNG-CANCER, IN-VITRO
Source Title
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
Publisher
BMC
Series/Report No.
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Date
2022-06-28
DOI
10.1186/s13045-022-01305-4
Type
Review