Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/394368
Title: Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in the conjugate vaccine era with a focus on pneumococci
Authors: Devine, V.T
Jefferies, J.M
Clarke, S.C 
Faust, S.N
Keywords: antibiotic agent
Pneumococcus vaccine
Pneumococcus vaccine
vaccine
antibiotic therapy
bacterial colonization
bacterial load
bacterial virulence
Haemophilus influenzae
human
immunization
microflora
nasopharynx
nonhuman
pneumococcal infection
Review
seasonal variation
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
heterozygote
immunology
microbiology
nasopharynx
organismal interaction
Pneumococcal Infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae
vaccination
Carrier State
Humans
Immunization
Microbial Interactions
Microbiota
Nasopharynx
Pneumococcal Infections
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vaccination
Vaccines, Conjugate
Issue Date: 2015
Citation: Devine, V.T, Jefferies, J.M, Clarke, S.C, Faust, S.N (2015). Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in the conjugate vaccine era with a focus on pneumococci. Journal of Immunology Research 2015 : 394368. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/394368
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
Abstract: Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was included in the UK national immunisation program in 2006, and this was replaced by thirteen-valent PCV in 2010. During this time, the carriage of vaccine-type Streptococcus pneumoniae decreased but pneumococcal carriage remained stable due to increases in non-vaccine-type S. pneumoniae. Carriage studies have been undertaken in various countries to monitor vaccine-type replacement and to help predict the serotypes, which may cause invasive disease. There has been less focus on how conjugate vaccines indirectly affect colonization of other nasopharyngeal bacteria. If the nasopharynx is treated as a niche, then bacterial dynamics are accepted to occur. Alterations in these dynamics have been shown due to seasonal changes, antibiotic use, and sibling/day care interaction. It has been shown that, following PCV7 introduction, an eradication of pneumococcal vaccine types has resulted in increases in the abundance of other respiratory pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. These changes are difficult to attribute to PCV7 introduction alone and these studies do not account for further changes due to PCV13 implementation. This review aims to describe nasopharyngeal cocarriage of respiratory pathogens in the PCV era. © 2015 V. T. Devine et al.
Source Title: Journal of Immunology Research
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/183602
ISSN: 23148861
DOI: 10.1155/2015/394368
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
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