Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid, ?-Tocopherol, Zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, and ?-carotene are Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japan

Abstract

This case-control study reports the association between nutrient intake and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japan. The nutrient intake of 161 neovascular AMD cases from two university hospitals and 369 population-based control subjects from a cohort study was assessed using a brief-Type self-Administered questionnaire on diet history, which required respondent recall of the usual intake of 58 foods during the preceding month. Energy-Adjusted nutrient intake values were compared between the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs adjusted for smoking history, age, sex, chronic disease history, supplement use, and alcohol consumption. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low intakes of n-3 fatty acid, ?-Tocopherol, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin C, and ?-carotene were associated with neovascular AMD (Trend P < 0.0001 for n-3 fatty acid, Trend P < 0.0001 for ?-Tocopherol, Trend P < 0.0001 for zinc, Trend P = 0.002 for vitamin D, Trend P = 0.04 for vitamin C, Trend P = 0.0004 for ?-carotene). There was no association with retinol or cryptoxanthin intake and neovascular AMD (P = 0.67, 0.06).