Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0219-1
Title: The relationship between sodium concentrations in spot urine and blood pressure increases: A prospective study of Japanese general population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)
Authors: Umesawa, M
Yamagishi, K
Noda, H
Ikeda, A
Sawachi, S
Muraki, I
Chei, C.-L 
Cui, R
Nagao, M
Ohira, T
Sankai, T
Tanigawa, T
Kitamura, A
Kiyama, M
Iso, H
CIRCS Investigato
Keywords: sodium
biological marker
salt intake
sodium
adult
age distribution
aged
Article
blood pressure measurement
body mass
comparative study
controlled study
cross-sectional study
diastolic blood pressure
female
follow up
glomerulus filtration rate
human
Japanese (people)
major clinical study
male
middle aged
obesity
priority journal
prospective study
sodium excretion
spot urine test
systolic blood pressure
urinalysis
validation study
adverse effects
blood pressure
comorbidity
hypertension
Japan
natriuresis
obesity
pathophysiology
predictive value
risk factor
salt intake
upregulation
urine
Adult
Aged
Biomarkers
Blood Pressure
Comorbidity
Female
Humans
Hypertension
Japan
Male
Middle Aged
Natriuresis
Obesity
Predictive Value of Tests
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sodium
Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Up-Regulation
Issue Date: 2016
Citation: Umesawa, M, Yamagishi, K, Noda, H, Ikeda, A, Sawachi, S, Muraki, I, Chei, C.-L, Cui, R, Nagao, M, Ohira, T, Sankai, T, Tanigawa, T, Kitamura, A, Kiyama, M, Iso, H, CIRCS Investigato (2016). The relationship between sodium concentrations in spot urine and blood pressure increases: A prospective study of Japanese general population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS). BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 16 (1) : 55. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-016-0219-1
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
Abstract: Background: Although several cross-sectional and intervention studies showed that sodium intake or excretion was associated with blood pressure levels, no prospective study has examined the long-term association between sodium excretion in spot urine and blood pressure changes. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 889 normotensive subjects (295 men and 594 women, mean age 57.3years) who underwent the baseline survey including spot urine test in 2005 and the follow-up survey in 2009 to 2011 (mean follow-up period: 5.8years). We examined the association between sodium concentration in spot urine, a validated index of sodium excretion occurring over 24-h, and blood pressure changes between baseline and follow-up survey in all, non-overweight (body mass index(BMI) ≤25kg/m2) and overweight normotensives. Results: For all subjects, sodium concentrations in spot urine were not associated with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure changes. When stratified by BMI at baseline survey, sodium concentrations were positively associated with systolic blood pressure changes in non-overweight subjects, but not in overweight subjects. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake status, current smoking and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the multivariable-adjusted mean values of the systolic blood pressure change among non-overweight subjects was +7.3mmHg in the highest quartiles of sodium concentrations, while it was +3.9mmHg in the lowest quartile (P for difference=0.021, P for trend=0.040). After further adjustment of baseline blood pressure levels, the association was slightly weakened; the multivariable-adjusted mean values of the systolic blood pressure changes were +7.0mmHg and +4.2mmHg (P for difference=0.047, P for trend=0.071). Conclusions: High sodium concentrations in spot urine were associated with subsequent systolic blood pressure increases among non-overweight normotensive individuals. (272 words) © 2016 Umesawa et al.
Source Title: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/181384
ISSN: 14712261
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0219-1
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
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