Collapse of an excavation utilizing cement-treated soil columns and lessons learnt

Abstract

Utilizing cement treatment for soft soils provides an economical and space efficient solution for excavation problems. When designing for such systems, tension softening of concrete must be accounted for with the use of advanced constitutive models. This paper gives a short description of the Shotcrete (Concrete) constitutive model and discusses a case history on a waterway construction excavation with deep soil mixed columns.