Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010245
Title: Central nervous system histoplasmosis
Authors: Myint, T
Guo, Y
Kemmer, P
Hage, C
Terry, C
Azar, MM
Riddell, J
Ender, P
Chen, S
Shehab, K
Cleveland, K
Esguerra, E
Johnson, J
Wright, P
Douglas, V
Vergidis, P
Ooi, W
Baddley, J
Bamberger, D
Khairy, R
Vikram, H
Jenny-Avital, E
Sivasubramanian, G
Bowlware, K
Pahud, B
Sarria, J
Tsai, T
Assi, M
Mocherla, S
Prakash, V
Allen, D 
Passaretti, C
Huprikar, S
Anderson, A
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Age Factors
Amphotericin B
Antibodies, Fungal
Antigens, Fungal
Brain
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections
Female
Histoplasmosis
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Spinal Cord
Issue Date: 1-Mar-2018
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Citation: Myint, T, Guo, Y, Kemmer, P, Hage, C, Terry, C, Azar, MM, Riddell, J, Ender, P, Chen, S, Shehab, K, Cleveland, K, Esguerra, E, Johnson, J, Wright, P, Douglas, V, Vergidis, P, Ooi, W, Baddley, J, Bamberger, D, Khairy, R, Vikram, H, Jenny-Avital, E, Sivasubramanian, G, Bowlware, K, Pahud, B, Sarria, J, Tsai, T, Assi, M, Mocherla, S, Prakash, V, Allen, D, Passaretti, C, Huprikar, S, Anderson, A (2018-03-01). Central nervous system histoplasmosis. Medicine (United States) 97 (13) : e0245-. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000010245
Abstract: © 2018 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement occurs in 5 to 10% of individuals with disseminated histoplasmosis. Most experience has been derived from small single center case series, or case report literature reviews. Therefore, a larger study of central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosis is needed in order to guide the approach to diagnosis, and treatment. A convenience sample of 77 patients with histoplasmosis infection of the CNS was evaluated. Data was collected that focused on recognition of infection, diagnostic techniques, and outcomes of treatment. Twenty nine percent of patients were not immunosuppressed. Histoplasma antigen, or anti-Histoplasma antibodies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 75% of patients. One year survival was 75% among patients treated initially with amphotericin B, and was highest with liposomal, or deoxycholate formulations. Mortality was higher in immunocompromised patients, and patients 54 years of age, or older. Six percent of patients relapsed, all of whom had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and were poorly adherent with treatment. While CNS histoplasmosis occurred most often in immunocompromised individuals, a significant proportion of patients were previously, healthy. The diagnosis can be established by antigen, and antibody testing of the CSF, and serum, and antigen testing of the urine in most patients. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (AMB-L) for at least 1 month; followed by itraconazole for at least 1 year, results in survival among the majority of individuals. Patients should be followed for relapse for at least 1 year, after stopping therapy.
Source Title: Medicine (United States)
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/169270
ISSN: 00257974
15365964
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010245
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