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Title: | Chelerythrine and sanguinarine dock at distinct sites on Bcl(XL) that are not the classic BH3 binding cleft | Authors: | Zhang, Yong-Hong Bhunia, Anirban Wan, Kah Fei Lee, Mei Chin Chan, Shing-Leng Yu, Victor C-K Mok, Yu-Keung |
Keywords: | Science & Technology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Biochemistry & Molecular Biology chelerythrine sanguinarine Bcl(XL) apoptosis BH groove TRANSFER DIFFERENCE NMR BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS LIGAND-BINDING CELL-DEATH BCL-X(L) APOPTOSIS IDENTIFICATION SPECTROSCOPY ACTIVATION INHIBITOR |
Issue Date: | 1-Dec-2006 | Publisher: | ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD | Citation: | Zhang, Yong-Hong, Bhunia, Anirban, Wan, Kah Fei, Lee, Mei Chin, Chan, Shing-Leng, Yu, Victor C-K, Mok, Yu-Keung (2006-12-01). Chelerythrine and sanguinarine dock at distinct sites on Bcl(XL) that are not the classic BH3 binding cleft. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 364 (3) : 536-549. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. | Abstract: | The ratio of the levels of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family is thought to be an important regulatory factor for determining the sensitivity of the mammalian cells to apoptotic stimuli. High levels of expression of pro-survival members such as BclXL in human cancers were frequently found to be a good prognostic indicator predicting poor response to chemotherapy. The pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family mediate their effects through heterodimerization with the BH3 region of the pro-apoptotic members. Structural analyses of the binding complex of the BH3 peptide and BclXL showed that a hydrophobic groove termed the BH3 binding cleft is the docking site for the BH3 region. Chemical mimetics of the BH3 region such as BH3I-1 that target the BH3 binding cleft indeed exhibit pro-apoptotic activities. Chelerythrine (CHE) and sanguinarine (SAN) are natural benzophenanthridine alkaloids that are structurally homologous to each other. CHE was previously identified as an inhibitor of BclXL function from a high-throughput screen of natural products, but its mode of interaction with BclXL is not known. By determining the effect of site-directed mutagenesis on ligand binding and using saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments, we have verified locations of these docked ligands. Surprisingly, CHE and SAN bind separately at the BH groove and BH1 region of BclXL respectively, different from the BH3 binding cleft where other known inhibitors of BclXL target. Interestingly, certain residues on the flexible loop between helices α1 and α2 of BclXL are also perturbed upon CHE, but not SAN or BH3I-1 binding. Although CHE and SAN are similarly effective as BH3I-1 in displacing bound BH3 peptide, they are much more effective in inducing apoptosis, raising the possibility that CHE and SAN might be able to antagonize other pro-survival mechanisms in addition to the one that involves BH3 region binding. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | Source Title: | JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | URI: | https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/168654 | ISSN: | 00222836 10898638 |
Appears in Collections: | Staff Publications Elements |
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CHE+SAN_paper_29 Aug 2006_JMB.pdf | Accepted version | 1.18 MB | Adobe PDF | OPEN | Post-print | View/Download |
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