Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175886
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dc.titleComprehensive analysis of phospholipids and glycolipids in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis
dc.contributor.authorRashid R.
dc.contributor.authorCazenave-Gassiot A.
dc.contributor.authorGao I.H.
dc.contributor.authorNair Z.J.
dc.contributor.authorKumar J.K.
dc.contributor.authorGao L.
dc.contributor.authorKline K.A.
dc.contributor.authorWenk M.R.
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-27T06:26:22Z
dc.date.available2020-03-27T06:26:22Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationRashid R., Cazenave-Gassiot A., Gao I.H., Nair Z.J., Kumar J.K., Gao L., Kline K.A., Wenk M.R. (2017). Comprehensive analysis of phospholipids and glycolipids in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. PLoS ONE 12 (4) : e0175886. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175886
dc.identifier.issn19326203
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/166011
dc.description.abstractEnterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, opportunistic, pathogenic bacterium that causes a significant number of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitalized patients. The development of antibiotic resistance in hospital-associated pathogens is a formidable public health threat. In E. faecalis and other Gram-positive pathogens, correlations exist between lipid composition and antibiotic resistance. Resistance to the last-resort antibiotic daptomycin is accompanied by a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) levels, whereas multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) converts anionic PG into cationic lysyl-PG via a trans-esterification reaction, providing resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides. Unlike previous studies that relied on thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry, we have performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) directly on lipids extracted from E. faecalis, and quantified the phospholipids through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). In the daptomycin-sensitive E. faecalis strain OG1RF, we have identified 17 PGs, 8 lysyl-PGs (LPGs), 23 cardiolipins (CL), 3 glycerophospho-diglucosyl-diacylglycerols (GPDGDAG), 5 diglucosyl-diacylglycerols (DGDAG), 3 diacylglycerols (DAGs), and 4 triacylglycerols (TAGs). We have quantified PG and shown that PG levels vary during growth of E. faecalis in vitro. We also show that two daptomycin-resistant (DapR) strains of E. faecalis have substantially lower levels of PG and LPG levels. Since LPG levels in these strains are lower, daptomycin resistance is likely due to the reduction in PG. This lipidome map is the first comprehensive analysis of membrane phospholipids and glycolipids in the important human pathogen E. faecalis, for which antimicrobial resistance and altered lipid homeostasis have been intimately linked. © 2017 Rashid et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.sourceUnpaywall 20200320
dc.subjectcardiolipin
dc.subjectdaptomycin
dc.subjectdiacylglycerol
dc.subjectdiglucosyl diacylglycerol derivative
dc.subjectglycerolipid
dc.subjectglycerophospho diglucosyl diacylglycerol derivative
dc.subjectlysyl phosphatidylglycerol derivative
dc.subjectphosphatidylglycerol
dc.subjectphospholipid
dc.subjecttriacylglycerol
dc.subjectunclassified drug
dc.subjectantiinfective agent
dc.subjectcardiolipin
dc.subjectdaptomycin
dc.subjectdiacylglycerol
dc.subjectlysine
dc.subjectlysylphosphatidylglycerol
dc.subjectphosphatidylglycerol
dc.subjecttriacylglycerol
dc.subjectantibiotic resistance
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectbacterial strain
dc.subjectchemical bond
dc.subjectconcentration (parameters)
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectEnterococcus faecalis
dc.subjectgene locus
dc.subjectgene mutation
dc.subjectin vitro study
dc.subjectlipid analysis
dc.subjectliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
dc.subjectminimum inhibitory concentration
dc.subjectmultiple reaction monitoring
dc.subjectnonhuman
dc.subjectquantitative analysis
dc.subjectsingle nucleotide polymorphism
dc.subjectwhole genome sequencing
dc.subjectwild type
dc.subjectbiotransformation
dc.subjectclassification
dc.subjectdrug effects
dc.subjectEnterococcus faecalis
dc.subjectgrowth, development and aging
dc.subjectisolation and purification
dc.subjectlipid metabolism
dc.subjectliquid chromatography
dc.subjectmetabolism
dc.subjectmetabolomics
dc.subjectmultidrug resistance
dc.subjectphysiology
dc.subjecttandem mass spectrometry
dc.subjectAnti-Bacterial Agents
dc.subjectBiotransformation
dc.subjectCardiolipins
dc.subjectChromatography, Liquid
dc.subjectDaptomycin
dc.subjectDiglycerides
dc.subjectDrug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
dc.subjectEnterococcus faecalis
dc.subjectLipid Metabolism
dc.subjectLysine
dc.subjectMetabolomics
dc.subjectPhosphatidylglycerols
dc.subjectTandem Mass Spectrometry
dc.subjectTriglycerides
dc.typeArticle
dc.contributor.departmentNUS GRAD SCH FOR INTEGRATIVE SCI & ENGG
dc.contributor.departmentDEPT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
dc.contributor.departmentLIFE SCIENCES INSTITUTE
dc.description.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0175886
dc.description.sourcetitlePLoS ONE
dc.description.volume12
dc.description.issue4
dc.description.pagee0175886
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