XUV spectroscopic characterization of warm dense aluminum plasmas generated by the free-electron-laser FLASH

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We report on experiments aimed at the generation and characterization of solid density plasmas at the free-electron laser FLASH in Hamburg. Aluminum samples were irradiated with XUV pulses at 13.5 nm wavelength (92 eV photon energy). The pulses with duration of a few tens of femtoseconds and pulse energy up to 100 µJ are focused to intensities ranging between 10<jats:sup>13</jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>17</jats:sup> W/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. We investigate the absorption and temporal evolution of the sample under irradiation by use of XUV and optical spectroscopy. We discuss the origin of saturable absorption, radiative decay, bremsstrahlung and atomic and ionic line emission. Our experimental results are in good agreement with simulations.</jats:p>