Hydroxyl free radicals generated by vanadyl[IV] induce cell blebbing in mitotic human Chang liver cells

Abstract

Vanadium has recently been reported to induce interphase and M-phase (mitotic) programmed cell death via the generation of hydroxyl free radicals (OH(*)). In this paper, the effects of antioxidants on: (a) vanadyl[IV]-generated OH(*) free radical levels; and (b) cellular glutathione in vanadyl [IV]-treated Chang liver cells were evaluated. The surface morphology of vanadyl-treated mitotic cells was studied by confocal and scanning microscopy. The free radical scavengers zinc chloride, glucose and thiourea reduced the levels of vanadyl-induced OH(*) free radicals and partially prevented the depletion of cellular glutathione. Concurrent with OH(*) free radical production, vanadyl-treated telophase cells exhibited excessive cell blebbing and cell shrinkage. The morphological features demonstrated in vanadyl-induced mitotic programmed cell death as a consequence of oxidative stress is novel.