Hughes,Kenneth
Email Address
cofkh@nus.edu.sg
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Publication Urinary α1-microglobulin as a marker of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic Asian subjects in Singapore(2003) Hong, C.-Y.; Hughes, K.; Chia, K.-S.; Ng, V.; Ling, S.-L.; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEPublication Hypertension, concurrent cardiovascular risk factors and mortality: The Singapore cardiovascular cohort study(2008) Lee, J.; Hughes, K.; Ma, S.; Heng, D.; Chew, S.K.; Tai, E.S.; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEPublication Ischaemic heart disease and its risk factors in Singapore in comparison with other countries.(1989) Hughes, K.; Yeo, P.P.; Lun, K.C.; Sothy, S.P.; Thai, A.C.; Wang, K.W.; Cheah, J.S.; MEDICINE; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEPublication Diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications in Singapore: an increasing healthcare problem.(1990) Thai, A.C.; Yeo, P.P.; Lun, K.C.; Hughes, K.; Ng, W.Y.; Lui, K.F.; Cheah, J.S.; MEDICINE; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEPublication The scope of epidemiology(1984) Hughes, K.; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEPublication ω-3 fatty acids and selenium as coronary heart disease risk modifying factors in Asian Indian and Chinese males(2004) Manav, M.; Su, J.; Hughes, K.; Lee, H.P.; Ong, C.N.; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEAsian Indian men are reported to have a higher incidence of coronary heart disease than men of other ethnic groups worldwide. Among the many hypotheses, one possible risk factor may be related to their dietary habits. This study estimated the plasma concentrations of fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins, and selenium in Indians and Chinese of Singapore. The study population consisted of 145 Indian men and 147 Chinese men ages 26 to 79 y from a cross-sectional survey, the National University of Singapore Heart Study. Our findings indicated that Indians had lower plasma concentrations of docosahexanoic acid (3.07% versus 3.54%, P < 0.001), α-linolenic acid (0.48% versus 0.57%, P < 0.001), and total ω-3 fatty acids (4.71% versus 5.27%, P < 0.001) than did the Chinese. Arachidonic acid was higher in Indians (4.83%) than in the Chinese (4.51%, P = 0.007). The ratio of ω-3 acid to ω-6 fatty acid was also lower in Indians (0.15) than in the Chinese (0.16, P = 0.007). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, but saturated fatty acids were higher in Indians (39.17%) than in the Chinese (38.28%, P < 0.001). Analysis of vitamins A, C, and E showed no significant differences between Indians (0.67, 5.72, and 13.04 mg/L, respectively) and Chinese (0.68, 6.48, and 12.71 mg/L, respectively); however, serum concentration of selenium in Indians (117.49 μg/L) was significantly lower than in the Chinese (126.72 μg/L, P < 0.001). The results suggest that lower plasma concentrations of ω-3 fatty acids and selenium and higher concentrations of arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acids in Indians may reflect lower intakes of marine foods and, as a consequence, higher susceptibility to coronary heart disease. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Relationships between cigarette smoking, blood pressure and serum lipids in the Singapore general population(1993) Hughes, K.; Leong, W.P.; Sothy, S.P.; Lun, K.C.; Yeo, P.P.B.; MEDICINE; OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEPublication Cardiovascular risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetics compared to non-diabetic controls: A population-based survey among Asians in Singapore(1998) Hughes, K.; Ong, C.-N.; Choo, M.; Kuperan, P.; Aw, T.-C.; MEDICINE; PATHOLOGY; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINECardiovascular risk factors were compared between 126 people with non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 530 non-diabetics (controls), in a random sample of people (Chinese, Malays, and Asian Indians) aged 40-69 years from the general population of Singapore. Data were adjusted for age and ethnicity. For both genders, people with NIDDM had higher mean body mass indices, waist-hip ratios and abdominal diameters. They also had a higher prevalence of hypertension, higher mean levels of fasting serum triglyceride, slightly lower mean levels of serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher mean levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and tissue plasminogen activator (antigen). These factors are components of syndrome X (metabolic syndrome) and increase the risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. In contrast, there were no important differences for cigarette smoking, serum total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, serum apolipoproteins A1 and B, plasma factor VIIc and plasma prothrombin fragment 1 + 2. Females with NIDDM, but not males, had a higher mean serum fibrinogen level than non- diabetics, which could explain why NIDDM has a greater cardiovascular effect in females than males. Serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations were lower in people with NIDDM. Mean levels of serum ferritin, a pro-oxidant, were higher in people with NIDDM than controls, but there were no important differences for plasma vitamins A, C and E, and serum selenium, which are anti-oxidants.Publication Lipoprotein (a) levels and clinical correlations in CAPD patients.(1995) Lye, W.C.; Hughes, K.; Leong, S.O.; Lee, E.J.; MEDICINE; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINEDyslipidemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been implicated as an independent atherogenic risk factor. We measured serum (Lp(a) levels in our patients and studied its correlations with other lipoproteins and clinical parameters. All stable patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for more than one month were enrolled in the study. Fasting serum Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein-A and apolipoprotein-B levels were measured on entering the CAPD program and at 3 monthly intervals. One hundred and nine patients (M/F: 65/44, mean age +/- SD: 59.5 +/- 12.0 years) were studied. Fifty-two patients had diabetes mellitus. Age- and sex-matched normals were used as controls. Serum Lp(a) levels were raised in 54.5% of CAPD patients compared to 18.6% of controls (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in Lp(a) levels over time. Serum Lp(a) levels showed positive and negative correlations with LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively, but not with age, sex, diabetic status, and serum total cholesterol and albumin levels. Thirty-six of 54 (66.7%) patients with serum Lp(a) levels greater than 30 mg/dL had either coronary, cerebral, and/or peripheral vascular disease compared to 30/55 (54.5%) of patients with serum Lp(a) levels less than 30 mg/dL (p = NS). In conclusion, serum Lp(a) levels were raised in a significant proportion of CAPD patients, but there was no significant association with vascular disease.Publication Should central obesity be an optional or essential component of the metabolic syndrome? Ischemic heart disease risk in the Singapore cardiovascular cohort study(2007) Lee, J.; Hughes, K.; Ma, S.; Heng, D.; Chew, S.-K.; Tan, C.-E.; Tai, E.-S.; Lee, J.; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINE