Kang Jin Yong

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1983 - 1989101990 - 199864
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    Seroprevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in Singapore.
    (1991-12) Yap, I.; Guan, R.; Kang, J.Y.; Tay, H.H.; Lee, E.; Choong, L.; Woo, K.T.; MEDICINE
    The prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in Singapore was assessed using a recombinant-based enzyme linked immunoassay system. 1004 serum samples were obtained from normal subjects (463), hemodialysis patients (112), hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers (188), patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (58) and patients with non-hepatitis B virus related liver diseases (183). Anti-HCV was found to be positive in 1.7% of healthy subjects, and in 20% of patients on regular hemodialysis. Three percent of HBV carriers were positive for anti-HCV. Twelve percent of patients with acute hepatitis with no known causes and 20% patients with chronic hepatitis with no known causes were positive for anti-HCV. Among patients with cirrhosis for which no known causes were found 33% were positive for anti-HCV. Thirty six percent of patients with HCC not associated with the presence of HBsAg were positive of anti-HCV. None of the patients with known causes of liver disease were positive for anti-HCV.
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    Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid output in peptic ulcer disease
    (1991-01) Kang, J.Y.; Wee, A.; MEDICINE; PATHOLOGY
    Helicobacter pylori is associated with peptic ulcer, and a causal relationship has been postulated. We investigated the association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric acid output. Two hundred forty-one patients were studied: 173 with duodenal ulcer, 51 with gastric ulcer (41 corpus, 10 prepyloric), and 17 with combined gastric and duodenal ulcer. In 194 patients (80%), Helicobacter pylori could be demonstrated histologically from gastric antral biopsies. The presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori was not influenced by age, sex, or use of tobacco or analgesics. Patients with duodenal ulcer or combined gastric and duodenal ulcer had similar gastric acid outputs irrespective of the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori. However, gastric ulcer patients with Helicobacter had higher basal and maximal acid outputs when compared to patients without Helicobacter (mean basal output: 4.1 mmol/hr vs 2.4, P
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    Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine amongst Singaporeans.
    (1995) Guan, R.; Ng, H.S.; Fock, K.M.; Ho, K.Y.; Yap, I.; Kang, J.Y.; Chow, W.C.; Chew, C.N.; Ng, C.; Teo, C.J.; MEDICINE
    The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine was studied in healthy Singaporean adult volunteers. One hundred and forty healthy volunteers with normal alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) transaminases and no previous exposure to HAV, received three 1 ml doses (720 ELISA units) of an inactivated HAV vaccine (Smithkline Beechams Biologicals) following a 0, 1, 6 months vaccination schedule. All subjects were asked to record and grade the severity of any reactions for three consecutive days after each dose. Serum ALT and AST as well as anti-HAV were measured at 0, 1, 2, 6 and 7 months after the first vaccine dose. Anti-HAV seroconversion occurred when levels rose above 40 mIU/ml. Eighty-five percent of vaccinees seroconverted after the first innoculation and 99% after the second injection. All vaccinees seroconverted after the third dose. Geometric mean anti-HAV titers (GMTs) were, respectively, 119, 391, 4406 mIU/ml one month after each of the three doses. The most common side effect was transient pain and tenderness at the vaccination site. No elevation of ALT or AST levels were noted during the study period. The inactivated hepatitis A vaccine used in this study is safe and highly immunogenic in the local adult population. Two doses one month apart appeared to give adequate protection.
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    Primary biliary cirrhosis - An uncommon disease in Singapore
    (1996-02) Yap, I.; Wee, A.; Tay, H.H.; Guan, R.; Kang, J.Y.; MEDICINE
    Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is uncommon in Singapore. Twelve consecutive patients with PBC were seen between 1987 and 1994 at the National University Hospital. Eleven were women and the mean age at presentation was 53 years. Three patients presented with pruritus and jaundice whilst three had decompensated cirrhosis. The remaining six patients had no symptoms attributed to their liver disease when first detected, three of them presented with associated conditions including sicca syndrome and interstitial lung fibrosis, lichen planus, and carcinoma of breast. All patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and positive anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Liver histology (10/12) showed Stage II disease (2), Stage III (5) and Stage IV (3). Three patients also had co-existing gall bladder stones but their endoscopic retrograde cholangiograms were normal. The mean follow-up period was 32.6 months and four patients died during follow-up. The only male patient had liver transplantation, two patients had symptomatic treatment while the rest were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. In conclusion, local patients tended to presented relatively early in the course of the disease with 50% being asymptomatic and in the precirrhotic Stages.
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    The prevalence of isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (Gilbert's syndrome) in subjects attending a health screening programme in Singapore.
    (1992-12) Gwee, K.A.; Koay, E.S.; Kang, J.Y.; PHARMACOLOGY
    We retrospectively studied the prevalence of hyperbilirubinaemia in 1,296 consecutive subjects attending a hospital health screening programme over an eighteen-month period. Sixty-four subjects (5%) had elevated bilirubin levels. Forty-one subjects (3.2%) had isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. These subjects probably had Gilbert's syndrome. Recognition of this common benign condition is important to avoid unnecessary investigations.
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    Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common cause of noncardiac chest pain in a country with a low prevalence of reflux esophagitis
    (1998) Ho, K.Y.; Ng, W.L.; Kang, J.Y.; Yeoh, K.G.; MEDICINE
    Gastroesophageal reflux disease is believed to be uncommon in the East. This study aimed to determine if such a condition was a significant cause of noncardiac chest pain in Singapore. Eighty consecutive patients with recurrent chest pain, who had cardiac and other obvious causes excluded, underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, standard manometry, acid perfusion test, and prolonged ambulatory pH and pressure monitoring. Endoscopic esophagitis, positive acid perfusion tests, pathologic reflux, and positive chest pain-reflux correlation were detected in 7/80 (8.8%), 11/70 (15.7%), 14/61 (23.0%), and 12/25 (48.0%) patients, respectively. Among those with pathologic reflux, endoscopic esophagitis was present in only two (14.3%). Overall, 32 (40%) patients had gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophageal motility disorder, alone or in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease, was demonstrated in only five (6.3%) patients. Our results confirmed western reports that gastroesophageal reflux disease was a common cause of noncardiac chest pain, whereas motility disorder was an infrequent cause of such pain.
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    Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in a multiracial asian population, with particular reference to reflux-type symptoms
    (1998-10) Ho, K.Y.; Kang, J.Y.; Seow, A.; MEDICINE; COMMUNITY,OCCUPATIONAL & FAMILY MEDICINE
    Objective: Data on the epidemiology of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in the East are limited. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in Singapore and to determine whether ethnic differences in the prevalence of these symptoms exist. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using a reliable and valid questionnaire, was carried out in a race-stratified random sample of residents aged 21-95 yr (mean ± SD, 40 ± 1 yr) in a Singaporean town; 93% responded (n = 696). Results: The ethnic-adjusted prevalence of chronic abdominal pain, frequent dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea, and frequent reflux were 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3-8.1), 7.9% (95% CI, 5.0-10.8), 2.3% (95% CI, 0.8-3.9), 3.9% (95% CI, 1.9-5.9), 4.5% (95% CI, 2.3-6.7), and 1.6% (95% CI, 0.6-2.6), respectively. There were no ethnic differences in the prevalence of any of these symptom categories except for reflux-type symptoms, which were more common among Indians (7.5%; 95% CI, 4.4-11.7) than Chinese (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.1-3.0) or Malays (3.0%; 95% CI, 1.2- 6.1). Conclusion: The prevalence of all types of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms in the general population of Singapore was low compared with those in the West. Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms were equally prevalent in the three major ethnic groups except for reflux-type symptoms, which were more common among Indians than Chinese or Malays.
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    Dietary supplementation with pectin in the maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer. A controlled study
    (1988) Kang, J.Y.; Tay, H.H.; Guan, R.; Math, M.V.; Yap, I.; Labrooy, S.J.; MEDICINE