Geometric phase in open systems: Beyond the Markov approximation and weak-coupling limit

Abstract

Beyond the quantum Markov approximation and the weak-coupling limit, we present a general theory to calculate the geometric phase for open systems with and without conserved energy. As an example, the geometric phase for a two-level system coupling both dephasingly and dissipatively to its environment is calculated. Comparison with the results from quantum trajectory analysis is presented and discussed. © 2006 The American Physical Society.