Ceramic materials for bone tissue replacement and regeneration

Abstract

The aim of this study is to show how ceramic materials could be used in bone tissue replacement and regeneration. The possibility of treatment of bone defects using porous alumina grafts, calcite porous scaffolds, polymer/ceramic biocomposite scaffolds and ceramic coatings will be shown. Physical properties as well as architecture of the porous structure of porous alumina bone grafts formed by gel casting will be described. The long term clinical results of using porous alumina implants will be presented. The calcite based porous ceramics will be discussed as a material for bone regeneration. The influence of chemical compositions and sintering parameters on the physical properties of sintered calcite ceramics as well as forming of porous material by polymeric sponge method will be shortly described. A novel material made of biodegradable polymer reinforced with modified calcium phosphates (TCP) particles will be proposed to be used in fabrication of novel constructs for the repair of critical-sized bone defects. Several composite materials made of PLLA/PDLA or PCL reinforced with TCP micro and nanoparticles will be discussed. To make the metallic implants more osteogenic, hydroxyapatite or TiO2 coatings might be applied. The different methods of coating of the porous and non porous titanium implants with ceramic layers will be described.