Hydrodynamic friction reduction in a MAC-hexadecane lubricated MEMS contact

Abstract

Recent research has shown that hydrodynamic lubrication is an effective means of reducing friction in high sliding micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). At high speeds, however, such lubrication can lead to increased friction due to viscous drag. This article describes a series of hydrodynamic tests on a silicon MEMS contact lubricated with a blend of hexadecane and a multiplyalkylated cyclopentane (MAC). Results show that the presence of the MAC reduces hydrodynamic friction compared with neat hexadecane. Such behaviour is contrary to conventional hydrodynamic theory, since the viscosity of the MAC - a mixture of di and tri(2 octyldodecyl)cyclopentane - is significantly higher than that of neat hexadecane. This effect increases with MAC concentration up to an optimum value of 3 wt%, where the hydrodynamic friction coefficient at 15,000 rpm is reduced from 0.5 to 0.3. Above this concentration, friction begins to rise due to the overriding effect of increasing viscosity. The viscosity of the blended lubricant increased monotonically with MAC concentration, when measured using both a Stabinger and an ultrahigh shear viscometer. In addition to this, no reduction in friction was observed when a squalane-hexadecane blend of equal viscosity was tested. This suggests that some property of the MAC-hexadecane lubricant, other than its viscosity, is influencing hydrodynamic lubrication. A tentative explanation for this behaviour is that the MAC induces the liquid to slip, rather than shear, close to the silicon surfaces. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the friction reducing ability of the MAC blend was inhibited by the inclusion of octade-cylamine - a substance known to form films on silicon surfaces. Furthermore, the MAC reduces friction in the mixed regime, in a manner suggesting that the formation of a viscous boundary layer. This unusual behaviour may have useful implications for reducing hydrodynamic friction in liquidlubricated MEMS devices. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012.