The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of tooth-colored restoratives with time

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of composite restoratives. Two home bleaching gels (10% and 15% carbamide peroxide, Opalescence) and five different tooth-colored restorative materials from the same manufacturer (3M-ESPE) were selected. They included microfill (Filtek A110 [FO]), flowable (Filtek Flow [FF]), polyacid-acid modified (F2000 [FT]) and minifill (Z100 [ZO]; Filtek Z250 [ZT]) composites. Thirty-six specimens of each material were fabricated, randomly divided into three groups (n=12) and treated as follows: Group 1 - Stored in distilled water, Group 2 - Bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) eight hours/day; Group 3 - Bleached with 15% CP eight hours/day. All treatment was conducted at 37°C and fresh gel applied and rinsed off daily for eight weeks. For the bleached groups, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C during the hiatus periods. All the specimens were subjected to roughness testing (Ra) at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 using a profilometer. The results were analyzed using general linear model with Scheffe's post-hoc tests at significance level 0.05. The results showed that the effect of bleaching on surface roughness was material and time dependent. ZT was not affected by bleaching treatment, while FT was significantly roughened after one week of bleaching with 15% CP compared to the control group. FO, FF and ZO were not significantly roughened until eight weeks of bleaching. Repolishing or replacement of tooth-colored restorations may be required after bleaching procedures.