Institutions and GIS in Singapore

Abstract

This paper traces the development of geographic information systems (GIS) in Singapore from its initial conception to facilitate land use planning towards an integrated system using GIS as a strategic tool to enhance competitive advantage. The study is guided by the hypothesis that institutions (particularly the State), rather than technology, play the key role in the transformation process. The main elements of the guiding framework include bureaucratic competence, a shared development ideology and insulation of key State agencies from interest groups. The end result is a set of institutions that facilitate the direction and required co-ordination in conceiving GIS as part of a vision towards an intelligent island.