Actinomyces in cervical smears of women using the intrauterine device in Singapore

Abstract

Objectives: Reproductive tract actinomyces have been associated with the use of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Thus, there is a need to evaluate the prevalence of colonization with Actinomyces israelii in a cohort of Singaporean women using an IUCD. Second, the occurrence of actinomycosis in colonized women and the clinical need to remove the IUCD and/or possibly the need to treat asymptomatic carriers with antibiotics were evaluated. Methods: The study population consisted of 1108 IUCD users attending the Fertility Control Clinic, National University Hospital, Singapore. Results: In our study, the prevalence of actinomyces-positive cervical smears among IUCD users was 13.7%; the incidence of actinomyces-positive smears was similar with Copper T (34.2%), Multiload (32.9%) and Nova T (32.9%) IUCDs. We found no association with the duration of use of IUCD and actinomyces infection. In our study, 150 out of 152 (98.7%) IUCD users with actinomyces-positive smears were asymptomatic, and only 2 out of 152 (1.3%) who had actinomyces-positive cervical smears developed pelvic inflammatory disease at 6 months. Conclusions: Our study suggests that removal of the IUCD in asymptomatic women with actinomyces-positive cervical smear is not necessary. Moreover, we suggest that asymptomatic carriers of actinomyces do not require preemptive antibiotic treatment. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.