Kazakhstan’s Energy Transition

Abstract

Kazakhstan, rich in coal, oil, and natural gas, has traditionally relied on these resources to meet its energy needs. Faced with rising energy demands and a commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060, the government is turning to renewable and alternative energy sources, including nuclear power and green hydrogen, to replace hydrocarbons. However coal, oil and gas remain deeply entrenched in the economy and energy sector. Past neglect of the energy infrastructure, especially in the electricity sector, has taken a toll on the country’s energy security just as demand is rising. Kazakhstan would also have to do more to ramp up renewables on a wider scale and find ways to accommodate the variable nature of wind and solar power. While alternative low-carbon energy sources like nuclear power and green hydrogen are promising, they come with their own challenges. The government would also have to convince a jittery public that the benefits of nuclear energy outweigh its perceived drawbacks. How can Kazakhstan decarbonise its energy value chain for a more sustainable future?