TALKING ABOUT "CASTE" IN THE DIASPORA : VIEWS FROM THE OLD & NEW INDIAN DIASPORA IN SINGAPORE

Abstract

“Caste” is a word that evokes much controversy. An overwhelming amount of sociological studies have been devoted to its notable but nonetheless partial characteristics of separation, division and hierarchy. In truth, “caste” is as much a social identifier to include, as it is to exclude. Being physically apart but culturally attached to India, how do Indians in the diaspora make sense of “caste’’? Grounded in the context of present day Singapore, this thesis examines the concept of ‘‘caste’’ from the perspective of Indians living in the diaspora. A study of this nature necessarily excavates how consciousness, knowledge, and customs or practices related to “caste’’ is retained-but inevitably and expectantly partial retention-outside the homeland. Without social sanctions and mechanisms to maintain “caste” structurally, the discourse on "caste" amongst Indians in Singapore appears to devote more emphasis to “caste” as an identity that prevents (further) detachments from the homeland. The reverse is also true for those who prefer to distance themselves from memories of the homeland, “caste” is an identity they rather leave behind. Other dimensions are also considered in the discourse on “caste” situated in Singapore-the nation-state's ideologies, living in a “modern’’ era, as well as capitalistic notions of social stratification. In addition, new perspectives from recent members in the diaspora are incorporated in the study for comparative purposes (where applicable) and for acknowledging “caste” related notions, knowledge and/or practices they may bring with them, thereby generating new dynamics within the Indian community in Singapore.