INDEPENDENT BOOKSTORES: THEIR SOCIAL ROLES AND OBSTACLES - A SINGAPORE CASE STUDY

Abstract

This is a qualitative study that assesses how independent bookstores, popularly known as indie bookstores, in Singapore function as a “third place” and the obstacles they face. A total of four local bookstore managers were engaged after the analyzing landscape of indie bookstores in Singapore. Through catchment analysis, it is found that public libraries and indie bookstores serve different users, and those indie bookstores are more welcomed in the central region. Thus, the problem of high rent stays relevant as indie bookstores must locate themselves in the Central region of Singapore. It is proven that "third place" attributes are necessary to keep independent bookstores competitive and sustainable. According to the interviews, although independent bookstores operate in different ways, they often face the same challenges, including high rents and very thin retail margins. Possible solutions and their applicability to Singapore are discussed in a later part.