MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR NEE SOON FRESHWATER SWAMP FOREST

Abstract

Nee Soon Swamp Forest (NSSF) is the last remaining Freshwater Swamp Forest (FWSF) in Singapore following widespread deforestation in the 19th century. The Pepper and Gambier plantations and their unsustainable cultivation practices was a major contributor to forest loss. A lack of regulation and corresponding enforcement exacerbated the problem. NSSF that exists today consists of a mix of new and old secondary forests regenerated from the initial wave of forest clearance. FWSFs are important ecosystems as they provide numerous ecological services and harbour unique species. Unfortunately, they are also highly vulnerable to disturbances. Even though NSSF is now classified as part of a nature reserve, it still faces threats that could compromise its long term survival. Development pressure in land-scarce Singapore is ever present. Without a legislation mandating Environmental Impact Assessments, we might not be fully aware of the extent of impacts dealt to the forest. The reservoir abutting NSSF causes backflow into the forest streams, upsetting its hydrology. These issues are often complex, due to the fact that conservation encompasses social, economic and environmental elements. This report aims to synthesise the various issues that threaten NSSF on both macro- and microscopic levels, and provide some recommendations on how to best manage it sustainably to ensure its survival in the long term. These recommendations range from macro-scale such as policy and educational rethinks, to micro-scale such as enhancements in ground management.