EFFECTIVENESS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO2) APPLIED ON CONCRETE AND GRANITE SURFACES, AND APPLICABILITY ON INTERIOR SURFACES IN SINGAPORE

Abstract

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) has been applied in Singapore since 10 years ago, however it is not used widely, despite the availability of TiO2 from countless suppliers and factories located locally. This is because pioneer applications that have TiO2 applied on buildings in Singapore have been less effective than clients’ expectations.

This is significant as TiO2 is especially effective in tropical climates due to high rainfall and significant amount of sunlight, hence TiO2 is an advantageous green technology that is in line with Singapore’s move towards incorporating green technology to date. With the use of TiO2, many buildings will be able to save maintenance costs in the long run whilst maintaining the intact condition of the façade.

Interviews conducted with suppliers and Facility Management (FM) Teams provided insight on TiO2 application in Singapore. Local exterior coated case studies and research studies, both local and overseas, were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the TiO2 coating on exterior surfaces and to understand what are the factors that impedes the performance of TiO2.

From the interviews, case studies and research studies, general precautions for preliminary considerations was developed for Facility Managers to understand factors that affect the effectiveness of TiO2, despite their idealistic expectation of TiO2 as a self-cleaning coating.

The deliverables of this research consist of a set of guidelines and flowchart to assist the Facility Managers to consider before, during and after application of TiO2 on exterior and interior surfaces. It will facilitate the process of application and maintenance without overlooking crucial details. The flowchart is accompanied by a roles and responsibilities matrix to better understand each personnel duties throughout the process.

In conclusion, various factors that affects the performance of TiO2 was highlighted. These factors are often overlooked by Facility Managers in the application of TiO2. The missing link between these factors and effectiveness of TiO2 was addressed, along with the considerations that building owners should look at when considering the application of TiO2. This allows the building owner to view TiO2 holistically, instead of just one facet, cost.