Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00474
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dc.titleDevelopment of effective connectivity during own- and other-race face processing: A granger causality analysis
dc.contributor.authorZhou, G
dc.contributor.authorLiu, J
dc.contributor.authorDing, X.P
dc.contributor.authorFu, G
dc.contributor.authorLee, K
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-27T10:37:36Z
dc.date.available2020-10-27T10:37:36Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.citationZhou, G, Liu, J, Ding, X.P, Fu, G, Lee, K (2016). Development of effective connectivity during own- and other-race face processing: A granger causality analysis. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10 (42614) : 474. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00474
dc.identifier.issn16625161
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/181340
dc.description.abstractNumerous developmental studies have suggested that other-race effect (ORE) in face recognition emerges as early as in infancy and develops steadily throughout childhood. However, there is very limited research on the neural mechanisms underlying this developmental ORE. The present study used Granger causality analysis (GCA) to examine the development of children’s cortical networks in processing own- and other-race faces. Children were between 3 and 13 years. An old-new paradigm was used to assess their own- and other-race face recognition with ETG-4000 (Hitachi Medical Co., Japan) acquiring functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data. After preprocessing, for each participant and under each face condition, we obtained the causal map by calculating the weights of causal relations between the time courses of [oxy-Hb] of each pair of channels using GCA. To investigate further the differential causal connectivity for own-race faces and other-race faces at the group level, a repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the GCA weights for each pair of channels with the face race task (own-race face vs. other-race face) as the within-subject variable and the age as a between-subject factor (continuous variable).We found an age-related increase in functional connectivity, paralleling a similar age-related improvement in behavioral face processing ability. More importantly, we found that the significant differences in neural functional connectivity between the recognition of own-race faces and that of other-race faces were modulated by age. Thus, like the behavioral ORE, the neural ORE emerges early and undergoes a protracted developmental course. © 2016 Zhou, Liu, Ding, Fu and Lee.
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceUnpaywall 20201031
dc.subjectadolescent
dc.subjectanalysis of variance
dc.subjectanalytic method
dc.subjectArticle
dc.subjectbrain function
dc.subjectbrain mapping
dc.subjectchild
dc.subjectcontrolled study
dc.subjectcorrelation analysis
dc.subjectevent related potential
dc.subjectfacial recognition
dc.subjectfemale
dc.subjectfunctional assessment
dc.subjectfunctional connectivity
dc.subjectfunctional neuroimaging
dc.subjectGranger causality analysis
dc.subjecthemodynamics
dc.subjecthuman
dc.subjecthuman experiment
dc.subjectmale
dc.subjectmathematical analysis
dc.subjectnear infrared spectroscopy
dc.subjectnerve cell network
dc.subjectnormal human
dc.subjectother race effect processing
dc.subjectsignal noise ratio
dc.subjectvisual cortex
dc.subjectvisual stimulation
dc.typeArticle
dc.contributor.departmentPSYCHOLOGY
dc.description.doi10.3389/fnhum.2016.00474
dc.description.sourcetitleFrontiers in Human Neuroscience
dc.description.volume10
dc.description.issue42614
dc.description.page474
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