NOT NEAR US, PLEASE!" : GEOGRAPHIES OF EXCLUSION"

Abstract

Space reflects the social and the social affects the spatial. Perceptions of difference are often reflected onto space. To distinguish between 'us' and 'them', the ability to maintain boundaries is essential. Boundaries becomes part of one's identity formation process as places become channels of identity which users constantly shape and are in turn being shaped. This study attempts to show how space is used as a point of reference to define oneself. Using local examples of Hougang's Woodbridge Hospital and Geylang's red light district, I contend that space can be deliberately excluded by people from their general sphere of activity in order for them to maintain an ordered identity. However, this exclusionary process is not a unidirectional phenomenon. Places have the ability to exclude people who are outside the categories of the "mentally ill" and the "sex industry". I also argue that despite the immense need to disassociate oneself with the Other to maintain one's identity, there is, ironically, a fascination for the Other. Factors of exclusion such as the historical aspect, personal experiences, rumours and the role of the media will be discussed. Images of the mentally ill and the reel light district tend to be perpetuated and relegate these people and places into the fold of the Other. Reinforcement of these stereotypes strengthens exclusionary practices manifested in space. However, fieldwork results shows that these exclusionary practices can be lessened over time. While there is exclusion that comes from 'us', the mentally ill and the sex workers in Woodbridge Hospital and Geylang can feel excluded in the very space created for them. Voices within the boundaries of exclusion will be echoed to reflect how constant exposure and awareness can change stereotypical mindsets. For greater integration of the Other into society, the understanding of exclusion can be utilised to create better environments where stereotypes are clarified. In Asia, with many differences among its people, further research of exclusion is useful for planning purposes.