Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040234
DC Field | Value | |
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dc.title | Human exposure risk assessment due to heavy metals in groundwater by pollution index and multivariate statistical methods: A case study from South Africa | |
dc.contributor.author | Elumalai V. | |
dc.contributor.author | Brindha K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Lakshmanan E. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-09-09T05:06:04Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-09-09T05:06:04Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Elumalai V., Brindha K., Lakshmanan E. (2017). Human exposure risk assessment due to heavy metals in groundwater by pollution index and multivariate statistical methods: A case study from South Africa. Water (Switzerland) 9 (4) : 234. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9040234 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 20734441 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/175214 | |
dc.description.abstract | Heavy metals in surface and groundwater were analysed and their sources were identified using multivariate statistical tools for two towns in South Africa. Human exposure risk through the drinking water pathway was also assessed. Electrical conductivity values showed that groundwater is desirable to permissible for drinking except for six locations. Concentration of aluminium, lead and nickel were above the permissible limit for drinking at all locations. Boron, cadmium, iron and manganese exceeded the limit at few locations. Heavy metal pollution index based on ten heavy metals indicated that 85% of the area had good quality water, but 15% was unsuitable. Human exposure dose through the drinking water pathway indicated no risk due to boron, nickel and zinc, moderate risk due to cadmium and lithium and high risk due to silver, copper, manganese and lead. Hazard quotients were high in all sampling locations for humans of all age groups, indicating that groundwater is unsuitable for drinking purposes. Highly polluted areas were located near the coast, close to industrial operations and at a landfill site representing human-induced pollution. Factor analysis identified the four major pollution sources as: (1) industries; (2) mining and related activities; (3) mixed sources- geogenic and anthropogenic and (4) fertilizer application. © 2017 by the authors. | |
dc.source | Unpaywall 20200831 | |
dc.subject | Boron | |
dc.subject | Cadmium | |
dc.subject | Catchments | |
dc.subject | Groundwater | |
dc.subject | Groundwater pollution | |
dc.subject | Heavy metals | |
dc.subject | Location | |
dc.subject | Manganese | |
dc.subject | Multivariant analysis | |
dc.subject | Nickel | |
dc.subject | Pollution | |
dc.subject | Potable water | |
dc.subject | Statistical mechanics | |
dc.subject | Statistical methods | |
dc.subject | Water | |
dc.subject | Water pollution | |
dc.subject | Electrical conductivity | |
dc.subject | Empangeni | |
dc.subject | Fertilizer applications | |
dc.subject | Heavy metal pollution | |
dc.subject | Human exposure risks | |
dc.subject | Multivariate statistical method | |
dc.subject | Richards bay | |
dc.subject | South Africa | |
dc.subject | Risk assessment | |
dc.subject | concentration (composition) | |
dc.subject | dose-response relationship | |
dc.subject | drinking water | |
dc.subject | factor analysis | |
dc.subject | groundwater pollution | |
dc.subject | heavy metal | |
dc.subject | human activity | |
dc.subject | multivariate analysis | |
dc.subject | pollution exposure | |
dc.subject | risk assessment | |
dc.subject | sampling | |
dc.subject | water quality | |
dc.subject | KwaZulu-Natal | |
dc.subject | Richards Bay | |
dc.subject | South Africa | |
dc.type | Article | |
dc.contributor.department | CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING | |
dc.description.doi | 10.3390/w9040234 | |
dc.description.sourcetitle | Water (Switzerland) | |
dc.description.volume | 9 | |
dc.description.issue | 4 | |
dc.description.page | 234 | |
Appears in Collections: | Elements Staff Publications |
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