Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201702152
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dc.titleRu/ZrO2 Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid with Formic Acid/Formate Mixtures: Importance of Support Stability
dc.contributor.authorGao, Yanxiu
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Hongwei
dc.contributor.authorHan, Aijuan
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jie
dc.contributor.authorTan, Hui-Ru
dc.contributor.authorTok, Eng-Soon
dc.contributor.authorJaenicke, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorChuah, Gaik-Khuan
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-07T02:04:06Z
dc.date.available2019-06-07T02:04:06Z
dc.date.issued2018-02-07
dc.identifier.citationGao, Yanxiu, Zhang, Hongwei, Han, Aijuan, Wang, Jie, Tan, Hui-Ru, Tok, Eng-Soon, Jaenicke, Stephan, Chuah, Gaik-Khuan (2018-02-07). Ru/ZrO2 Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid with Formic Acid/Formate Mixtures: Importance of Support Stability. CHEMISTRYSELECT 3 (5) : 1343-1351. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201702152
dc.identifier.issn2365-6549
dc.identifier.issn2365-6549
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/155380
dc.description.abstract© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim The transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using an equimolar mixture of formate/formic acid in water was investigated using Ru/ZrO2 catalysts. Ru/ZrO2 with < 3 wt. % loading were more active than those with higher loadings. The stability of the catalysts is of concern as the reaction occurs under acidic and hydrothermal conditions. To minimize metal leaching, the Ru/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by a sol-gel process to entrap the ruthenium nanoparticles within the support. Despite insignificant leaching of Ru, the used catalyst was deactivated after the first run. No agglomeration of Ru particles could be observed by TEM and XRD. However, the zirconia support had transformed from a predominantly tetragonal crystal phase to the monoclinic form. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the surface Ru/Zr ratio. Doping with 0.1 wt. % SiO2 successfully stabilized the tetragonal phase of zirconia and the recycled catalyst maintained its high activity in reuse.
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
dc.sourceElements
dc.subjectScience & Technology
dc.subjectPhysical Sciences
dc.subjectChemistry, Multidisciplinary
dc.subjectChemistry
dc.subjectformic acid/formate
dc.subjectlevulinic acid
dc.subjectruthenium
dc.subjecttransfer hydrogenation
dc.subjectzirconia
dc.subjectSURFACE-AREA ZIRCONIA
dc.subjectGAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
dc.subjectSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION FUELS
dc.subjectHETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS
dc.subjectRUTHENIUM CATALYSTS
dc.subjectGOLD CATALYSTS
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectCONVERSION
dc.subjectTRANSFORMATION
dc.typeArticle
dc.date.updated2019-06-04T02:17:06Z
dc.contributor.departmentDEPT OF CHEMISTRY
dc.contributor.departmentDEPT OF PHYSICS
dc.description.doi10.1002/slct.201702152
dc.description.sourcetitleCHEMISTRYSELECT
dc.description.volume3
dc.description.issue5
dc.description.page1343-1351
dc.published.statePublished
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