HUMAN IMPACT ON CORAL REEFS IN SINGAPORE

Abstract

The survival of coral reefs in Singapore has been threatened by the heavy utilisation of the coastal resources and has virtually left all of the reefs degraded to a various extent. The main focus of this academic exercise is to examine the ecological threat imposed by human activities upon coral reefs and their ecosystem in the Southern Islands. Reclamation, oil pollution, recreation and tourism, subsistence and commercial fishing activities are main aspects of human impact considered. Their impact on the coral reefs will be based on the extent to which these activities have disturbed the natural environment of the coral reefs. A survey of 100 divers was conducted to determine their perception of the causes of damage and their valuation of coral reefs in Singapore. The results of the survey are discussed at several juncture of the academic exercise. The study of human impact on any natural system necessarily requires an appraisal of man's actions along with the understanding of the ecological systems in which he interferes. Hence, a discussion on the ecology of coral reefs and those found in Singapore is included. As an ecosystem, coral reefs support an intricate and complex network of relationships and interactions, that sustains a fascinating myriad of lifeforms in terms of its productivity, species diversity and abundance. Besides its ecological value, man has derived many benefits from coral reefs as natural resources. They are used as a source of food, medicinal products and construction material. Acting as a natural breakwater, natural laboratory and tourist attraction, coral reefs are also valuable non-extractable resources. The lack of proper management of coral reefs will consequently forfeit these benefits. In the recent years, greater attention has been focussed to the consequence of our actions that damage the reefs. Conservation efforts are emerging among the non-government organisations (NGOs) calling for the proper management of our reefs. In Singapore, positive actions to save the reefs from further deterioration and to enhance their natural habitat will be considered. The study of man's impact on our natural environment is deeply rooted in the geographical approach of the man-nature relationship. Therefore for the successful management of the coral reefs, it will require us to examine and understand this distinct tradition of approach in Geography