Secret societies in Singapore: Survival strategies, 1930s to 1950s

Abstract

The word a??secret societiesa?? is always etched in the mindset of people that members of secret societies are involved in clandestine activities, are violent criminals with little regard for law and order and who would not hesitate to take up arms to protect their interests. Despite the legislation and strong actions taken against them, secret societies continued to thrive. This thesis examined the various survival methods deployed by the secret societies from 1930 to 1960; namely, the alignment with political players, navigating through restrictions and harsh social and economic conditions and the development of networks. The survival strategies adopted were also aided by the cooperation of people who needed their aid to advance personal agendas. This cooperation was of mutual benefit to those who were involved.