Ludwig Klages (1872-1956) and the Origins of Critical Theory

Abstract

The influence of Ludwig Klages on critical theory, specifically on the works of Theodor Adorno, is examined with the intent to modify conventional wisdom about critical theory, originating purely from rationalist traditions. Klages, who took part in the inner circle around Stefan George in the days of Schwabing, was an influential philosopher, psychologist, & writer in pre-WWII Germany. Basic assumptions of Adorno's philosophy of modern self-identification & knowledge construction are confronted with Klages's theory of human forms of nature perception. Furthermore, Klages's theme of modern forms of authentication being based on myths of prehistorical times is a recurrent theme in Max Horkheimer's & Adorno's Dialect of Enlightenment (London: Verso, 1979). It is concluded that Klages's insights have much to contribute, not only to the understanding of the roots of critical theory, but also to current debates on authentication, self-constitution, human-nature relations, & related ecological issues. AA.