Drug encapsulation in alginate microspheres by emulsification

Abstract

A method based on an emulsification process was developed for the production of calcium alginate microspheres. Isopropyl alcohol and acetone, which are strong dehydrating agents, were used to aid in the hardening and drying of the microspheres. However, the amount of drug encapsulated was very low. This was due to the drug being soluble in the dehydrating solvents. In the absence of the solvents a high percentage of drug was encapsulated, and this was further increased by forming the microspheres by phase inversion. It was also found that a suspension of the drug particles was required for effective microencapsulation. The efficiency of drug encapsulation generally increased with the ratio of drug to encapsulating material. The microspheres produced were free-flowing and most of them were smaller than 150 μm.