国家政策与地方经济 -- 以宋明两朝之泉州为例 = STATE POLICY AND THE LOCAL ECONOMY : THE CASE OF QUANZHOU IN THE SONG AND MING DYNASTIES
陈添俊 TAN THIAM CHOON
陈添俊
TAN THIAM CHOON
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Abstract
This paper surveys the impact of official state policies upon the
local economy of Quanzhou in the Song and Ming dynasties.
Quanzhou was one of the prefectures of the region of Minnan, part of
the Fujian province of China. As one of the foremost frontier areas of
China, Minnan region had been actively engaged in Sino-foreign trade
since the Tang era. Quanzhou experienced a boom of its economy due
to an active foreign sea trade under the Song dynasty. This was largely
due to the efforts of the Song government in promoting foreign sea
trade under the aegis of the Office of Maritime Affairs. However, in
Ming times, such a favourable official stand gave way to a hostile state
policy which established and enforced laws against any foreign sea
trade not connected with the officially sponsored tributary system.
There flourished in the Minnan region an illegal private sea trade in the
15th and 16th centuries. This paper proceeds to uncover historical
evidences for a prosperous sea trade sailing from Quanzhou in Ming
times, contrary to the assumption that hostile Ming state policy had had
a negative impact upon Quanzhou. At the same time, the local
economy of Quanzhou, in particular its manufacturing industries, is
shown to be intertwined with the flourishing illegal sea trade,
complementing and benefitting from it. On the basis of various
numerical evidences on the numbers of manufactured products and
markets, amongst others, this paper then provides a vivid description of
16th century Quanzhou, whose economy was not stagnant at all, but kept developing throughout the period. A hostile state policy did not
end the prosperity of Quanzhou. Comparing 16 century Quanzhou
with 12th century Quanzhou, this paper concludes with an explanation
of the continuous prosperity of Quanzhou indifferent to the Ming seaban
policy, postulating a shift in the nature of Quanzhou's roles in
Sino-foreign sea trade.
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2009
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