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Publication Functional status mediates the association between peripheral neuropathy and health-related quality of life in individuals with diabetes(Springer-Verlag, 2017-11-28) Tessa Riandini; Hwee Lin Wee; Eric Y. H. Khoo; Bee Choo Tai; Wilson Wang; Gerald C. H. Koh; E. Shyong Tai; Subramaniam Tavintharan; Kurumbian Chandran; Siew Wai Hwang; Kavita Venkataraman; MEDICINE; ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY; PHARMACYAims: To examine differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and whether these differences can be explained by functional deficits. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 80 with DPN and 80 without. Assessments included HRQoL (health utility score derived from EQ-5D-5L), functional status measurements [muscle strength, timed up and go (TUG), five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS), functional reach, body sway velocity] and self-reported balance confidence [Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale]. Results: Mean utility scores were 0.67 ± 0.14 and 0.77 ± 0.16 in patients with and without DPN, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with DPN had lower great toe extensor strength (6.4 ± 1.8 vs 7.6 ± 2.8 lbs, p = 0.001), greater body sway velocity (2.40 ± 1.31 vs 1.90 ± 0.52 mm/s, p = 0.002), slower TUG (12.1 ± 4.6 vs 10.1 ± 2.3 s, p < 0.001) and FTSTS (15.8 ± 5.8 vs 13.9 ± 5.4 s, p = 0.03) scores, and lower ABC score (73.4 ± 21.3 vs 82.6 ± 16.9, p = 0.003), compared to those without DPN. On stepwise multiple regression, DPN status, FTSTS, body sway velocity, BMI, diabetes duration, pain, and gender explained 38% of HRQoL variance. Addition of ABC score into the model explained 45% of variance. Results from structural equation modelling showed that DPN had direct effects on HRQoL and indirect effects through FTSTS, body sway velocity, and ABC score, with ?2 = 8.075 (p = 0.044), root mean square error of approximation = 0.103 (lower bound 0.015, upper bound 0.191), Comparative Fit Index = 0.966, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.887, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.053. Conclusions: Patients with DPN have worse HRQoL compared to patients without DPN, partly mediated by functional status parameters. Effective interventions targeting functional status may be beneficial in improving HRQoL in these patients.Publication Functional odontoblastic-like cells derived from human iPSCs(Sage, 2018-01-01) Han Xie; Nileshkumar Dubey; SHIM SE NGIE WINSTON; Chrishan J. A. Ramachandra; Kyung-San Min; CAO TONG; VINICIUS ROSA; DENTISTRY; DUKE-NUS MEDICAL SCHOOLThe induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have an intrinsic capability for indefinite self-renewal and large-scale expansion and can differentiate into all types of cells. Here, we tested the potential of iPSCs from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to differentiate into functional odontoblasts. DPSCs were reprogrammed into iPSCs via electroporation of reprogramming factors OCT-4, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28, and L-MYC. The iPSCs presented overexpression of the reprogramming genes and high protein expressions of alkaline phosphatase, OCT4, and TRA-1-60 in vitro and generated tissues from 3 germ layers in vivo. Dentin discs with poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds containing iPSCs were implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. After 28 d from implantation, the iPSCs generated a pulp-like tissue with the presence of tubular dentin in vivo. The differentiation potential after long-term expansion was assessed in vitro. iPSCs and DPSCs of passages 4 and 14 were treated with either odontogenic medium or extract of bioactive cement for 28 d. Regardless of the passage tested, iPSCs expressed putative markers of odontoblastic differentiation and kept the same mineralization potential, while DPSC P14 failed to do the same. Analysis of these data collectively demonstrates that human iPSCs can be a source to derive human odontoblasts for dental pulp research and test bioactivity of materials.Publication Comparative study of xeno-free induction protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro(Elsevier BV, 2020-01) Madanagopal, Thulasi Thiruvallur; ALFREDO FRANCO-OBREGON; VINICIUS ROSA; Assoc Prof Vinicius Rosa; DENTISTRY; SURGERY