Nonlinear interaction between gas bubble and free surface

Abstract

The nonlinear evolution of gas bubbles in the vicinity of a free surface is investigated numerically. The flow is assumed to be potential and a boundary-integral method is used to solve the Laplace equation for the velocity potential. The bubble content is described by an adiabatic gas law. Investigations were carried out for gas bubbles which are incepted as close as one maximum bubble radius from the free surface. The relations between bubble jet penetration, bubble rebound and bubble connectedness to bubble strength are discussed. Results are also compared against the prediction of Blake's Kelvin impulse theory.