Integration of nanoparticles as draw solute in forward osmosis

Abstract

Forward Osmosis (FO) has received worldwide attention for its potential in revolutionizing water production and pharmaceutical dehydration. In this project, FO was demonstrated using nanoparticles of varying properties as draw solute and their regeneration methods were investigated in practical applications of FO. Hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles performed as novel draw solute in FO and were recycled using a magnetic separator. Hydrophilic nanoparticles were used in a FO process for desalination and were successfully regenerated via ultrafiltration. Furthermore, dual-stage FO system for sustainable protein enrichment was demonstrated using nanoparticles as intermediate draw solutes. Thermo-responsive magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized as draw solute in FO and exhibited enhanced regeneration efficiency though a low-strength magnetic field. Surface-dissociated nanoparticles created improved osmotic pressure as draw solute in FO and were recycled in an integrated electric field nanofiltration system. This work clearly illustrates the potential of nanoparticle draw solutes in FO for various areas.