Religious Alternation, Spiritual Humanism: Tzu Chi Buddhist Foundation in Singapore

Abstract

This study examines the religious and spiritual experiences of Tzu Chi members to understand religious alternation and popularity of Tzu Chi Singapore. In a multi-religious and multi-ethnic organization, Tzu Chi has a dual-sphere framework (social-humanistic and religious domains) which allows for religious customization. The efficient organizational structure and successful outreach programme creates a social cocoon to encapsulate members. The relationship between religion and the State, religious competition, the popularity of Buddhism and growth of new religions must be examined to situate Tzu Chib s growth within Singaporeb s religious marketplace.Based on primary fieldwork in Singapore, the study will compare three religious movements and show the shifting focus away from religiosity to spirituality and self actualization replacing ritualistic formalism. New religious movements share commonality in terms of universal humanism, an emphasis on social, charity and community work. It offers a refreshing perspective on conversion, religiosity, religious affiliations and new religions in Singapore.