近代中国之文化国家化与国家意识的形成(1890-1928) = Nationalization of culture and the formation of national consciousness in modern China, 1890-1928

Abstract

Between the last decade of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th, a family of new coinages began to emerge in China. They included a??Guocuia??(national essence), a??Guoxuea??(national learning),a??Guoyia??(national medicine) and the likes. This is an entirely new phenomenon, and it suggests that Chinese intellectuals attempted to a??nationalizea?? their traditional culture. My thesis examines this phenomenon and its relation to the formation of national consciousness in modern China. It places the theme on modern Chinaa??s unique context of struggle for national survival, with an emphasis on the a??Guocuia?? (national essence)movement in the late Qing Dynasty and its influence on the emergence of the various new national cultural concepts in the next three decades. This study encompasses the changes and development between year 1890 to 1928. This period is divided into two phases: 1) for 1890-1911, towards the end of Qing Dynasty when China suffered defeat in a??Sino-Japan War(1894-95)a??, my thesis focuses on the interaction of a sense of national crisis and national consciousness as well as the initial conception of national essence and the likes. 2) for 1912-1928, from the triumph of a??1911 Revolutiona??, to the establishment of the Republican government of Nanjing, my thesis focuses on the change in the concept of national essence and on the development of other concepts about national culture.