Predictors of falls in the elderly - A retrospective and case-control study of cases presented at the emergency department of the National University Hospital, Singapore

Abstract

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Falls in the older persons are an important cause of injury, disability and death. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study was done to describe the study population of elderly fallers who presented at the Emergency Department of the National University Hospital, Singapore; the consequences of their falls as well as to identify the predictors of falls. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was conducted in two parts a?? a retrospective study and a case control study. Data was analysed by multiple logistic regression, using SPSS. RESULTS: Falls occurred mostly at home. Most fallers were females. Bony injuries predominated. Slips and trips accounted for majority of the falls. Fracture of the femur was the commonest site of fracture. Increasing age (75 years and above) and functional impairment were found to be significant independent predictors of falls. CONCLUSIONS: We should pay more attention to people who are 75 years and above or functionally impaired in order to prevent them from falling. Attention also needs to be paid to modifying the existing home environment to make them safe from falls.