N.A. Dobrovolskaya-Zavadskaya and the discovery of the T gene

Abstract

Nadezhda Alexandrovna Dobrovolskaya-Zavadskaya was born in Kiev on September 13, 1878. She studied medicine in Saint Petersburg where in the early 1900s, Dobrovolskaya became one of the best known women surgeons. After the First World War started in 1914, she joined the Russian army and worked in military hospitals until 1917, when the revolution dramatically changed the fate of Russia and all Russians. At the end of civil war she was working in the hospital in the army of General Wrangel. After the defeat of Wrangel in 1920, Dobrovolskaya left Russia and went into exile. Like many other Russian emigr[symbol: see text]s, she came to Paris after fleeing Crimea via Turkey and Egypt. (Unfortunately, this period of the life of Nadezhda Dobrovolskaya is completely unknown to me.)