Determinants of Intention to Use Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis Support System Among Prospective Physicians

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop a theoretical model to explore the behavioral intentions of medical students to adopt an AI-based Diagnosis Support System. Methods: This online cross-sectional survey used the unified theory of user acceptance of technology (UTAUT) to examine the intentions to use an AI-based Diagnosis Support System in 211 undergraduate medical students in Vietnam. Partial least squares (PLS) structural equational modeling was employed to assess the relationship between latent constructs. Results: Effort expectancy (? = 0.201, p < 0.05) and social influence (? = 0.574, p < 0.05) were positively associated with initial trust, while no association was found between performance expectancy and initial trust (p > 0.05). Only social influence (? = 0.527, p < 0.05) was positively related to the behavioral intention. Conclusions: This study highlights positive behavioral intentions in using an AI-based diagnosis support system among prospective Vietnamese physicians, as well as the effect of social influence on this choice. The development of AI-based competent curricula should be considered when reforming medical education in Vietnam. Copyright © 2021 Tran, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Vu, Zhang, Vu, Nguyen, Tran, Latkin, Ho and Ho.