Integrated array-on-a-chip for genotyping

Abstract

The ubiquity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome requires platforms that enable high-throughput, cost-effective and fast detection, which most conventional platforms fall short of. Here, a spatially addressable array-on-a-chip (or bead array chip) is developed that allows arrays of beads to be immobilized, separated and identified without any prior encoding. Distinct sets of bead types are sequentially spotted onto a polymeric matrix (or gel pad) on the surface of a glass chip. The spotted beads are firmly immobilized to the gel pad, acquiring spatial codes (or addresses) that allow them to be identified. Beads can further be immobilized onto hundreds or thousands of gel pads on a chip for high-throughput detection. The bead array chip was applied for detection of model SNPs and bacterial species, demonstrating its efficacy as a simple, cost-effective and potentially high-throughput tool for rapid genotyping and environmental monitoring.