RICE FROM SIAM TO SINGAPORE 1855-1918: INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE, OPERATIONAL MODES AND BUSINESS CONNECTIONS

Abstract

This research looks at the Siam-Singapore rice trade after the signing of the Bowring Treaty between Siam and Britain in 1855 up to the First World War. As a result of the opening up of export opportunities, Siamese rice trade experienced exponential expansion. Examining both Western and Chinese traders based in Siam and Singapore, the thesis argues that this development may be attributed not only to the new treaty but also to the initiatives and practices adopted by traders. It shows how Western firms introduced modern technologies and functional operating units to deal with rice milling, export and shipping. Chinese traders followed Western footsteps but retained their traditional family firm organization and also established connections with other traders to facilitate the distribution of rice. Finally, the thesis puts forth the argument that their success in rice business also resulted in new business environment provided by the Siamese state.