NEGOTIATING GENDER WITHIN HINDU FAMILIES IN SINGAPORE : THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL IDEOLOGIES

Abstract

In an attempt to study gender negotiation, within the Hindu family in modern Singapore, with reference to Hindu religious and cultural ideologies, this thesis explores the extent to which these ideologies have significance in the lives of Hindu women and men. I begin by analysing femaleness according to the Hindu perspective as well as what it means to be an ideal Hindu woman. Using Foucault's notions of power, I then illustrate how these notions are not neutral but are plugged into power relations and patriarchy. I aim to show how these ideologies endorse patriarchy and act as means through which power is exercised on Hindu women. Since my argument is also that any formula of domination may not achieve its programmed end as it is bound to face struggles and forms of resistance, I highlight the different ways Hindu women and men either accepted, rejected, or reformulate these ideologies in a way that is meaningful to them. In doing this I also examine generational differences in reactions to these ideologies. Relying on in-depth interview data, this thesis suggests that though many have attempted to resist/reform such religious and cultural ideologies, most have not been successful. They are not able to totally free themselves from its influence.