Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0641-1
Title: Tolerance and immunity to pathogens in early life: insights from HBV infection
Authors: Hong, M 
Bertoletti, A 
Keywords: gamma interferon
hepatitis B surface antigen
hepatitis B vaccine
hepatitis B(e) antigen
lamivudine
peginterferon alpha
tumor necrosis factor
adulthood
age
CD4+ T lymphocyte
CD8+ T lymphocyte
childhood
clinical feature
disease burden
hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus
human
immunological tolerance
infection control
liver fibrosis
nonhuman
pathogenesis
priority journal
Review
vaccination
vertical transmission
virology
virus immunity
virus transmission
animal
hepatitis B
host pathogen interaction
immunity
immunology
newborn
transmission
Age Factors
Animals
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B virus
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Immunity
Infant, Newborn
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Issue Date: 2017
Citation: Hong, M, Bertoletti, A (2017). Tolerance and immunity to pathogens in early life: insights from HBV infection. Seminars in Immunopathology 39 (6) : 643-652. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0641-1
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
Abstract: Immunity is not static but varies with age. The immune system of a newborn infant is not “defective” or “immature.” Rather, there are distinct features of innate and adaptive immunity from fetal life to adulthood, which may alter the susceptibility of newborn infants to infections compared to adults. Increased protection to certain infectious diseases during early life may benefit from a dampened immune response as a result of decreased immune pathology. This concept may offer an alternative interpretation of the different pathological manifestations clinically observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients during the natural history of infection. Herein, we review the immune pathological features of HBV infection from early life to adulthood and challenge the concept of a generic immune tolerant state in young people. We then discuss how the different clinical and virological manifestations during HBV infection may be related to the differential antiviral immunity and pro-inflammatory capacity generated at different ages. Lastly, we address the potential to consider earlier therapeutic intervention in HBV-infected young patients to achieve effective immune control leading to better outcomes. © 2017, The Author(s).
Source Title: Seminars in Immunopathology
URI: https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/178135
ISSN: 18632297
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0641-1
Rights: Attribution 4.0 International
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