Recruitment of Asian Americans with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder for Research Participation: Barriers, Strategies, and Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Difficulty reaching Asian Americans with schizophrenia spectrum disorder has prompted mental health researchers to exclude this subpopulation from the sampling frame or enroll a comparatively smaller sample compared to other races and ethnicities with similar diagnoses. Understanding potential influences on research participation may facilitate efforts to increase the representation of this vulnerable yet underrepresented population in research. Aim: We detailed our experiences recruiting Asian Americans with schizophrenia spectrum disorder for participation in an observational study that evaluated their clinical outcomes. Methods: We applied the matching model of recruitment by identifying recruitment barriers encountered by or arising from the target group and researchers at the macro (community mental health center and academic institution), mediator (gatekeepers and research team), and micro (participant and interviewer) levels and then implementing a multilevel approach to overcoming identified obstacles. Results: Our yearlong recruitment efforts yielded a diverse community sample (N = 75) recruited from six urban community mental health centers. Barriers to involving Asian Americans with schizophrenia spectrum disorder in research are complex and associated with being a member of a heterogeneous racial and ethnic minority group and having a serious psychiatric condition. Conclusion: Engaging Asian Americans with schizophrenia spectrum disorder in research is feasible if researchers devote time and resources to address barriers confronting the target group and challenges researchers encounter.